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Military Munitions — The Consumable Resource

Expenditure Rate

  • First 100 hours: $3.7B, 168 Tomahawks
  • First 96 hours: 5,197 munitions across 35 types ($10-16B replacement cost)
  • Day 12: $16.5B cumulative
  • Peak daily: $2B/day

Key Munition Status

Munition Pre-War Stock Used Production Rate Target Rate Unit Cost
Tomahawk 3,100 ~400 (6 days) 90/year 1,000/year $3.6M
Patriot PAC-3 Classified 800+ (3 days) ~620/year 2,000/year $4M
THAAD Classified Significant 96/year 400/year $12.77M
SM-6 Classified Significant <500/year 500/year $4.3M
Iron Dome (Tamir) Thousands Thousands 2,000/year (Camden) $50K
JDAM Tens of thousands Thousands $81.5K

The Cost Asymmetry Problem

Iran's Weapon Cost US/Allied Interceptor Cost Ratio
Shahed-136 drone $20,000 Patriot PAC-3 $4,000,000 1:200
Shahed-136 drone $20,000 SM-6 $4,300,000 1:215
Shahed-136 drone $20,000 THAAD $12,770,000 1:640

Iran produces 200-500 Shaheds/month. This is economically unsustainable for defenders.

Single-Point Production Failures

  • Ammonium perchlorate (rocket motor oxidizer): ONE facility. 96 hours consumed 6.7% of annual capacity
  • RDX/HMX (high explosives): Holston Army Ammunition Plant, Tennessee — sole source
  • Rare earth magnets (guidance): 80,000+ parts depend on Chinese-controlled minerals

Ukraine Competition

  • 800+ Patriot missiles in Middle East in 3 days > total Ukraine use since 2022
  • Ukraine in queue behind Israel, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Jordan
  • Russia launched Ukraine spring offensive TIMED to US munitions diversion
  • France: "acute shortage" of air-to-air missiles from operations

$200B Supplemental Request

  • Pentagon requesting ~$200B from Congress
  • No defined end-state or timeline
  • Breakdown between operations vs procurement: not publicly detailed
  • Even some Republicans expressing alarm

Defense Stocks

  • RTX: +4.7% on Day 1; backlog $268B (+23% YoY)
  • Lockheed Martin: +37% since Mar 2023; backlog $194B
  • Northrop Grumman: +60% since Mar 2023

Replenishment Timeline

  • Tomahawk ramp to 1,000/year: years (from 90)
  • Patriot ramp to 2,000/year: 12-18 months
  • THAAD quadrupling: 18+ months
  • During rebuilding: deterrence against China is weakened

Sources

CSIS, FPRI, WaPo, CNN, 19FortyFive, Breaking Defense, JINSA, CNAS, Foreign Policy — March 2026